Virginia Eviction Laws: Quick Guide for Tenants and Landlords

Whether you rent a home in Richmond or own a property in Virginia Beach, eviction rules can feel confusing. The good news is that Virginia has clear steps you have to follow, and knowing them ahead of time can save a lot of stress. Below you’ll find the most common questions answered in plain language, so you can act fast if an eviction notice lands on your doorstep.

How a Eviction Starts in Virginia

First, a landlord must give you a written notice. The type of notice depends on why the eviction is happening. If you’re behind on rent, the landlord hands you a 5‑day notice that says you must pay the overdue amount or move out. For lease violations, a 10‑day notice is typical, giving you a chance to fix the issue. No‑cause evictions aren’t allowed in Virginia – the landlord has to point to a specific reason.

After the notice period ends, the landlord can file a complaint in the General District Court. This starts the legal side of things. Both parties receive a court date, and you’ll get a copy of the filing. If you miss the court date, the judge can issue a “Writ of Possession,” which means law enforcement can remove you from the property.

Defending Against an Eviction

If you get a notice, don’t ignore it. Talk to your landlord right away – sometimes a payment plan or fixing a lease breach can stop the process. If the case goes to court, bring any evidence that supports your side: rent receipts, repair requests, or communication logs. Virginia law protects tenants from illegal evictions, like being kicked out without proper notice or after retaliation for complaining about conditions.

Another key defense is proving the landlord didn’t follow the notice rules. For example, if a 5‑day notice was hand‑delivered incorrectly, the court might dismiss the case. Also, if the landlord tried to evict you for a reason that’s considered a “retaliatory eviction,” such as after you reported a health‑code violation, you can raise that as a defense.

Finally, consider getting legal help. Many nonprofit agencies in Virginia offer free or low‑cost tenant counseling. A quick consult can clarify whether you have a strong defense or need to negotiate an orderly move‑out.

Understanding the timeline, the required notices, and your rights gives you a real edge. Landlords who follow the law can avoid costly delays, and tenants who act fast can protect their home. Keep this guide handy, and you’ll be better prepared for any eviction situation that comes your way in Virginia.