Virginia Landlord‑Tenant Act: What Every Renter and Landlord Needs to Know

If you live in Virginia, the Landlord‑Tenant Act is the rulebook that governs almost every rental situation. Whether you’re signing your first lease or managing several properties, knowing the basics saves money, avoids disputes, and keeps both sides protected.

In Virginia, the Act applies to most residential rentals—apartments, single‑family homes, and even some mobile homes. It does not cover short‑term stays like hotels, but anything longer than a month falls under its scope. The law sets clear expectations for rent payments, maintenance, privacy, and the process for ending a tenancy.

Key Rights for Tenants

First up, what can you expect as a tenant? You have the right to a livable home. That means heat, hot water, and a structure that meets safety codes. If your landlord fails to fix a serious problem after a written notice, you can withhold rent or even move out and break the lease.

Security deposits are limited to one month's rent, and the landlord must return them within 45 days of move‑out, minus any documented damages. They can't just keep the deposit for normal wear and tear.

When it comes to rent increases, Virginia does not have statewide rent control. However, the landlord must give at least 30 days' written notice before raising the rent for a month‑to‑month lease, and 60 days if you have a year‑long lease.

Evictions must follow a legal process. The landlord cannot change the locks, shut off utilities, or harass you to force you out. They need to serve a proper notice—typically five days for non‑payment or 30 days for a lease violation—then file a court action if you don’t comply.

Obligations Every Landlord Must Follow

Landlords, your responsibilities start the moment the lease is signed. Provide a written lease that clearly outlines rent, due dates, and any extra fees. The lease must also state the landlord’s name and contact information.

Maintain the property in good repair. Virginia law requires prompt attention to any condition that affects health or safety. If a tenant reports a broken heater, you have a reasonable time to fix it—generally within a few days for emergencies.

When you need to enter the rental unit, you must give the tenant at least 24 hours' notice, unless it's an emergency like a burst pipe. Entering without notice can be considered a violation of privacy and may lead to legal trouble.

If you decide to end the tenancy, follow the proper notice periods. For a month‑to‑month lease, 30 days' notice is standard. For a fixed‑term lease, you generally cannot terminate early unless the lease includes an early‑termination clause or the tenant breaches the agreement.

Finally, keep good records. Document all communications, repair requests, and payments. Having a clear paper trail protects you if a dispute ends up in court.

Understanding the Virginia Landlord‑Tenant Act isn’t optional—it's the foundation for a smooth rental experience. Stay informed, keep communication open, and both parties will benefit from a fair, hassle‑free tenancy.