Tenancy: What Every Renter Needs to Know in 2025

Looking for a place to call home? Before you sign anything, you should know how tenancy works, what rights you have, and what rules landlords must follow. Getting these basics right saves money, stress, and headaches down the road.

Types of tenancy agreements you’ll meet

Most rentals fall into three buckets: fixed‑term leases, month‑to‑month contracts, and periodic agreements. A fixed‑term lease locks you in for a set period—usually a year—so rent stays the same and you can’t be asked to leave early without cause. Month‑to‑month contracts give you flexibility; you can walk away with a short notice, but the landlord can also raise rent or end the lease with proper notice.

Periodic agreements blend the two. They start as a fixed term and automatically roll over each month unless either party gives notice. Knowing which format you’re under helps you plan your budget and understand when rent changes can happen.

Common tenancy issues and how to handle them

Rent hikes are the top worry for tenants. In most Indian cities, there’s no statewide rent control, but many states set limits on how much a landlord can increase rent in a year. Check local rules—some areas cap raises at 5‑10% annually. If a landlord tries to raise rent beyond the legal limit, you can file a complaint with the housing authority.

Security deposits often cause confusion. The law usually caps the deposit at two months’ rent for residential units. Landlords must return it within a set period after you move out, minus any legitimate deductions for damage. Keep photos and a move‑in checklist; they’re your best defense if a dispute arises.

Maintenance requests can feel like shouting into a void. Most tenancy laws require landlords to keep the property “habitable”—that means working water, electricity, and a safe structure. Write every request in email or text, keep a copy, and give a reasonable deadline (typically 7‑14 days). If the landlord ignores you, you can withhold rent (in some jurisdictions) or report the issue to local authorities.

Privacy rights are another hot topic. A landlord can’t just walk into your home whenever they feel like it. Most places demand 24‑hour notice before a showing or inspection, unless it’s an emergency like a burst pipe. If you catch a landlord entering without notice, note the time, date, and any witnesses—this can be useful if you need to file a complaint.

Breaking a lease early? It’s rarely free. Look for a lease break clause—some agreements allow you to exit early for a fee, usually one month’s rent or the cost of re‑letting the unit. If no clause exists, you might still be able to negotiate an early exit, especially if you find a replacement tenant.

Subletting is another gray area. Many leases forbid subletting without written permission. If you need to move temporarily, ask your landlord in writing. A clear approval protects you from being held responsible for the new tenant’s actions.

Understanding your tenancy rights doesn’t mean you have to be a legal expert. Most issues can be solved with clear communication, written records, and a quick check of local housing rules. When in doubt, reach out to a tenant‑rights group or a lawyer for a quick consult.

Bottom line: read every clause, ask questions before you sign, and keep a paper trail of all communications. With the right knowledge, you can enjoy a peaceful home without surprise rent hikes or unfair eviction threats.