Illegal Landlord Actions in Virginia: A Practical Guide for Tenants

If you rent in Virginia, you’ve probably heard stories about landlords who overstep the line. Some actions are outright illegal, and knowing them can save you money, stress, and even a court battle.

Virginia law protects renters from a lot of shady behavior. When a landlord crosses the line, you have clear options to fight back. Below we break down the most common illegal moves and what you can do right away.

Common Illegal Actions by Virginia Landlords

1. Illegal entry without notice – A landlord may only enter your unit after giving at least 24 hours written notice, except for emergencies. If they walk in unannounced, that’s a violation.

2. Retaliation for complaints – Raising rent, cutting services, or starting eviction proceedings because you reported a problem is illegal. Retaliation is a red flag.

3. Unlawful rent increases – Virginia doesn’t have statewide rent control, but landlords must follow lease terms. Raising rent before the lease ends or without proper notice breaks the contract.

4. Security‑deposit scams – Deducting normal wear‑and‑tear costs or failing to return the deposit within 45 days after you move out is against the law.

5. Illegal eviction tactics – Changing locks, shutting off utilities, or forcing you out without a court order is illegal. Proper eviction must go through the courts.

6. Discriminating against protected classes – Refusing to rent or treating you differently because of race, religion, sex, familial status, or disability violates both Virginia and federal law.

How to Respond When Your Landlord Breaks the Rules

First, document everything. Take photos, keep emails, text messages, and write down dates and what happened. A clear record makes it easier to prove a violation.

Second, talk to your landlord in writing. A polite note that references the specific law (for example, “Virginia Code §55‑62‑70 requires 24‑hour notice before entry”) often stops the behavior without a fight.

If the issue continues, contact your local Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development or the Virginia Fair Housing Office. They can investigate and may issue a warning or fine to the landlord.

When you need a stronger response, send a formal “demand letter” asking the landlord to fix the problem within a set time (usually 10‑14 days). Include copies of your evidence. Many landlords will comply to avoid a lawsuit.

If the landlord still refuses, you have the right to file a complaint in Virginia’s small claims court (for amounts up to $5,000) or a civil court for larger claims. You can also seek damages for retaliation or illegal eviction.

Remember, you don’t have to face this alone. Legal aid organizations, tenant‑rights groups, and some law firms offer free or low‑cost advice for renters. A quick phone call can give you a roadmap before you spend time on paperwork.

Lastly, be proactive. Know your lease terms, keep the unit in good shape, and stay on top of rent payments. When you’re a responsible tenant, it’s easier to argue that any landlord misstep was intentional and not your fault.

Virginia tenants have solid protections, but they work only if you use them. Spot an illegal action, document it, and take the steps above. You’ll protect your home, your money, and your peace of mind.