Landlord Rights in Virginia (VA) – Essential Guide

If you own a rental property in Virginia, knowing your rights isn’t just good practice—it’s the difference between smooth operations and costly disputes. This guide cuts through the legal jargon and gives you straight‑forward answers you can use right now.

Common Questions About Virginia Landlord Laws

Can I raise the rent whenever I want? No. Virginia law requires you to give at least 30 days written notice before increasing rent for a month‑to‑month tenant. If the lease is fixed‑term, the rent can only change at the end of the term unless the contract says otherwise.

What notice do I need before entering a rented unit? You must provide “reasonable notice,” which the courts interpret as at least 24 hours, unless it’s an emergency like a burst pipe. Walk‑ins without notice can give tenants a right to sue.

How do I handle security deposits? Virginia allows you to collect up to two months’ rent as a security deposit. Within 45 days after the tenant moves out, you must return the deposit or provide an itemized list of deductions. Failing to do so can lead to a penalty of up to twice the deposit amount.

When can I evict a tenant? The most common reasons are non‑payment of rent, lease violations, or the end of a lease term with proper notice. For non‑payment, you must give a 5‑day “pay or quit” notice before filing a court action. For lease violations, the notice period depends on the breach but is usually 10 days.

Practical Steps to Protect Your Rights

First, use a written lease that spells out rent amount, due date, late fees, maintenance responsibilities, and how you’ll handle showings. A clear contract reduces disputes and gives you solid ground if you need to go to court.

Second, keep all communication in writing. Whether it’s a notice about a rent increase or a maintenance request, an email or mailed letter creates a record that can be crucial if a tenant later claims you didn’t follow the rules.

Third, stay on top of local ordinances. Some Virginia cities, like Alexandria and Norfolk, have additional rent‑control‑type measures or stricter notice requirements. Check your city’s website annually to avoid surprise violations.

Fourth, document the property’s condition before a tenant moves in. Take photos, video, and a checklist signed by the tenant. This evidence protects you when the security deposit is returned and helps answer any “damage” claims later.

Finally, consider using a property management service if you own multiple units. Professionals know the local law nuances, handle day‑to‑day issues, and keep your paperwork in order, freeing you to focus on the investment side.

Virginia’s landlord‑tenant rules are designed to balance both sides, but they tilt in favor of the landlord when you follow the paperwork and notice requirements. Keep your lease solid, communicate clearly, and respect the notice periods—those three habits will keep most headaches at bay.

Got a specific question that wasn’t covered here? Reach out to a local real‑estate attorney or the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development. A quick consult can save you hours of hassle and thousands of dollars down the line.