Virginia Landlord‑Tenant Laws: What Every Renter and Owner Must Know

If you’re renting or renting out a home in Virginia, you’ll quickly discover that the state has a clear set of rules. Knowing these rules saves money, avoids lawsuits, and keeps the landlord‑tenant relationship smooth.

Virginia follows the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (VRLTA). The Act covers everything from how much notice you need before ending a lease to how a security deposit must be handled. Below we break down the most common questions you’ll face.

Key Rules Every Landlord Should Follow

First, always give proper written notice before ending a tenancy. For a month‑to‑month lease, you need at least 30 days’ notice. For a fixed‑term lease, you can only end it early if the lease itself says so, or if the tenant breaches a material term.

Security deposits can’t exceed two months’ rent. You must return the deposit within 45 days after the tenant moves out, unless you have a written list of damages. If you keep any part of the deposit, you need to provide an itemized statement of the deductions.

When it comes to rent increases, Virginia does not have statewide rent control. You can raise rent at any time once the lease expires, but you must give the tenant at least 30 days’ written notice for a month‑to‑month tenancy.

Evictions must follow a legal process. The most common grounds are non‑payment of rent, violation of lease terms, or the lease’s expiration. After a three‑day notice for non‑payment (or a five‑day notice for lease violations), you can file a claim in General District Court. Never change locks or shut off utilities without a court order—doing so is illegal.

Know Your Rights as a Tenant in Virginia

Tenants also have strong protections. Your landlord must keep the property safe and livable. That means fixing leaks, heating problems, and any hazards that affect health or safety. If the landlord fails to make repairs after a reasonable request, you can withhold rent or even break the lease, but you should follow the proper legal steps.

Privacy matters too. Except in emergencies, a landlord must give at least 24‑hour notice before entering the unit. This gives you time to prepare and protects your right to quiet enjoyment.

If you receive a notice to vacate, read it carefully. The notice must state the exact reason and the date you need to leave. If you think the notice is incorrect, you can contest it in court within the time frame given.

When you move out, document the condition of the property. Take photos, note any existing damage, and keep a copy of the final walk‑through checklist. This documentation helps you get back your full security deposit.

Finally, if you’re unsure about any part of the law, the Virginia Legal Aid Society and local bar associations offer free or low‑cost advice. Getting clarification early can prevent costly mistakes later.

Whether you’re a landlord looking to stay compliant or a tenant protecting your rights, understanding Virginia’s landlord‑tenant laws is the first step toward a hassle‑free rental experience.